Student pilot certificate
The entry-level certificate that lets you fly solo under instructor supervision — privileges, limits and how to get one.
The student pilot certificate is the first certificate on the path. It exists for one purpose: to let you fly solo while training, under the supervision and endorsements of an authorized instructor.
How to get it: apply through the FAA's IACRA system; it's issued by mail with no test or minimum age to *apply* (you must be 16 to solo an airplane, 14 for gliders/balloons). It doesn't expire the way it used to.
Privileges: none on its own — you may only fly when your instructor has given the required training and logbook endorsements for that aircraft and operation (solo, solo cross-country, specific airspace).
Key limitations (§ 61.89): no passengers, no flying for compensation or for a business, no carriage of property for hire, minimum visibilities (3 SM day / 5 SM night), must keep visual surface reference, and you must obey every limitation your instructor writes in your logbook.
Medical: you need at least a valid medical certificate or to meet BasicMed-style conditions before solo (a student may solo under the driver's-license medical provisions within limits).
What's next: the private pilot certificate (or sport/recreational). The student certificate is a stepping stone, not a destination.
*Reference and training only — verify current requirements with the FAA.*