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The Pilots Desk

Regulations

The complete US Federal Aviation Regulations (1,201 sections, public domain) plus ICAO and EASA. Key sections have a plain-English explainer; the rest show the official text. Non-US authorities are summarized and linked, never reproduced.

US Federal Aviation Regulations (14 CFR)

Part 43 Maintenance, preventive maintenance & alteration(12 sections, 11 explained)
  • § 43.1Applicabilityexplained
  • § 43.10Disposition of life-limited aircraft partsexplained
  • § 43.11Content, form, and disposition of records for inspections conducted under parts 91 and 125 and §§ 135.411(a)(1) and 135.419 of this chapterexplained
  • § 43.13Performance rules (general)explained
  • § 43.15Additional performance rules for inspectionsexplained
  • § 43.16Airworthiness limitationsexplained
  • § 43.17Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations performed on U.S. aeronautical products by certain Canadian personsexplained
  • § 43.2Records of overhaul and rebuildingexplained
  • § 43.3Persons authorized to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alterationsexplained
  • § 43.5Approval for return to service after maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alteration
  • § 43.7Persons authorized to approve aircraft, airframes, aircraft engines, propellers, appliances, or component parts for return to service after maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alterationexplained
  • § 43.9Content, form, and disposition of maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, and alteration records (except inspections performed in accordance with part 91, part 125, § 135.411(a)(1), and § 135.419 of this chapter)explained
Part 61 Certification: pilots, instructors & ground instructors(139 sections, 129 explained)
  • § 61.1Applicability and definitionsexplained
  • § 61.100Pilots based on small islandsexplained
  • § 61.101Recreational pilot privileges and limitationsexplained
  • § 61.102Applicability
  • § 61.103Eligibility requirements: Generalexplained
  • § 61.105Aeronautical knowledgeexplained
  • § 61.107Flight proficiency
  • § 61.109Aeronautical experienceexplained
  • § 61.11Expired pilot certificates and re-issuanceexplained
  • § 61.110Night flying exceptionsexplained
  • § 61.111Cross-country flights: Pilots based on small islandsexplained
  • § 61.113Private pilot privileges and limitations: Pilot in commandexplained
  • § 61.115Balloon rating: Limitationsexplained
  • § 61.117Private pilot privileges and limitations: Second in command of aircraft requiring more than one pilotexplained
  • § 61.121Applicabilityexplained
  • § 61.123Eligibility requirements: Generalexplained
  • § 61.125Aeronautical knowledgeexplained
  • § 61.127Flight proficiencyexplained
  • § 61.129Aeronautical experienceexplained
  • § 61.13Issuance of airman certificates, ratings, and authorizationsexplained
  • § 61.131Exceptions to the night flying requirementsexplained
  • § 61.133Commercial pilot privileges and limitationsexplained
  • § 61.14Incorporation by Referenceexplained
  • § 61.15Offenses involving alcohol or drugsexplained
  • § 61.151Applicabilityexplained
  • § 61.153Eligibility requirements: Generalexplained
  • § 61.155Aeronautical knowledgeexplained
  • § 61.156Training requirements: Airplane category—multiengine class or multiengine airplane type rating concurrently with an airline transport pilot certificateexplained
  • § 61.157Flight proficiencyexplained
  • § 61.159Aeronautical experience: Airplane category ratingexplained
  • § 61.16Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or to furnish test resultsexplained
  • § 61.160Aeronautical experience—airplane category restricted privilegesexplained
  • § 61.161Aeronautical experience: Rotorcraft category and helicopter class ratingexplained
  • § 61.163Aeronautical experience: Powered-lift category ratingexplained
  • § 61.165Additional aircraft category and class ratingsexplained
  • § 61.167Airline transport pilot privileges and limitationsexplained
  • § 61.169Letters of authorization for institutions of higher educationexplained
  • § 61.17Temporary certificateexplained
  • § 61.181Applicabilityexplained
  • § 61.183Eligibility requirementsexplained
  • § 61.185Aeronautical knowledgeexplained
  • § 61.187Flight proficiencyexplained
  • § 61.189Flight instructor recordsexplained
  • § 61.19Duration of pilot and instructor certificates and privilegesexplained
  • § 61.191Additional flight instructor ratingsexplained
  • § 61.193Flight instructor privilegesexplained
  • § 61.195Flight instructor limitations and qualificationsexplained
  • § 61.197Recent experience requirements for flight instructor certification
  • § 61.199Reinstatement of flight instructor privilegesexplained
  • § 61.2Exercise of Privilegeexplained
  • § 61.21Duration of a Category II and a Category III pilot authorization (for other than part 121 and part 135 use)explained
  • § 61.211Applicabilityexplained
  • § 61.213Eligibility requirements
  • § 61.215Ground instructor privilegesexplained
  • § 61.217Recent experience requirementsexplained
  • § 61.23Medical certificates: Requirement and duration
  • § 61.25Change of nameexplained
  • § 61.27Voluntary surrender or exchange of certificateexplained
  • § 61.29Replacement of a lost or destroyed airman or medical certificate or knowledge test reportexplained
  • § 61.3Requirement for certificates, ratings, privileges, and authorizationsexplained
  • § 61.301What is the purpose of this subpart and to whom does it apply?explained
  • § 61.303If I want to operate an aircraft that satisfies the limitations identified in § 61.316, what operating limits and endorsement requirements in this subpart must I comply with?explained
  • § 61.305What are the age and language requirements for a sport pilot certificate?explained
  • § 61.307What tests do I have to take to obtain a sport pilot certificate?explained
  • § 61.309What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate?explained
  • § 61.31Type rating requirements, additional training, and authorization requirementsexplained
  • § 61.311What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a sport pilot certificate?explained
  • § 61.313What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a sport pilot certificate?explained
  • § 61.315What are the privileges and limits of my sport pilot certificate?explained
  • § 61.316What are the performance limits and design requirements for the aircraft that a sport pilot may operate?explained
  • § 61.317Is my sport pilot certificate issued with aircraft category and class ratings?
  • § 61.321How do I obtain privileges to operate an additional category or class of aircraft?explained
  • § 61.325How do I obtain privileges to operate an aircraft at an airport within, or in airspace within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or in other airspace with an airport having an operational control tower?explained
  • § 61.327Are there specific endorsement requirements to operate an aircraft based on VH?explained
  • § 61.329How do I obtain privileges to operate an aircraft at night?explained
  • § 61.33Tests: General procedureexplained
  • § 61.331How do I obtain privileges to operate an aircraft with retractable landing gear or an airplane with a manual controllable pitch propeller?
  • § 61.35Knowledge test: Prerequisites and passing grades
  • § 61.37Knowledge tests: Cheating or other unauthorized conductexplained
  • § 61.39Prerequisites for practical testsexplained
  • § 61.4Qualification and approval of flight simulators and flight training devicesexplained
  • § 61.40Relief for U.S. Military and civilian personnel who are assigned outside the United States in support of U.S. Armed Forces operationsexplained
  • § 61.401What is the purpose of this subpart?explained
  • § 61.403What are the age, language, and pilot certificate requirements for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.405What tests do I have to take to obtain a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.407What aeronautical knowledge must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.409What flight proficiency requirements must I meet to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.41Flight training received from flight instructors not certificated by the FAA
  • § 61.411What aeronautical experience must I have to apply for a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.412Do I need additional training to provide instruction on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the instruments in an aircraft based on VH?explained
  • § 61.413What are the privileges of my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.415What are the limits of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.417Will my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating list aircraft category and class ratings?explained
  • § 61.419How do I obtain privileges to provide training in an additional category or class of aircraft?explained
  • § 61.421May I give myself an endorsement?explained
  • § 61.423What are the recordkeeping requirements for a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.425How do I establish recent experience for my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.427How do I reinstate my flight instructor privileges if I fail to establish recent experience for my flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating?explained
  • § 61.429May I exercise the privileges of a flight instructor certificate with a sport pilot rating if I hold a flight instructor certificate with another rating?explained
  • § 61.43Practical tests: General proceduresexplained
  • § 61.45Practical tests: Required aircraft and equipmentexplained
  • § 61.47Status and responsibilities of an examiner who is authorized by the Administrator to conduct practical testsexplained
  • § 61.49Retesting after failureexplained
  • § 61.5Certificates and ratings issued under this partexplained
  • § 61.51Pilot logbooksexplained
  • § 61.52Use of aeronautical experience obtained in ultralight vehiclesexplained
  • § 61.53Prohibition on operations during medical deficiencyexplained
  • § 61.55Second-in-command qualificationsexplained
  • § 61.56Flight reviewexplained
  • § 61.57Recent flight experience: Pilot in commandexplained
  • § 61.58Pilot-in-command proficiency check: Operation of an aircraft that requires more than one pilot flight crewmember or is turbojet-poweredexplained
  • § 61.60Change of addressexplained
  • § 61.61Applicabilityexplained
  • § 61.63Additional aircraft ratings (other than for ratings at the airline transport pilot certification level)explained
  • § 61.64Use of a flight simulator and flight training deviceexplained
  • § 61.65Instrument rating requirementsexplained
  • § 61.66Enhanced Flight Vision System Pilot Requirementsexplained
  • § 61.67Category II pilot authorization requirementsexplained
  • § 61.68Category III pilot authorization requirementsexplained
  • § 61.69Glider and unpowered ultralight vehicle towing: Experience and training requirementsexplained
  • § 61.7Obsolete certificates and ratingsexplained
  • § 61.71Graduates of an approved training program other than under this part: Special rulesexplained
  • § 61.73Military pilots or former military pilots: Special rulesexplained
  • § 61.75Private pilot certificate issued on the basis of a foreign pilot licenseexplained
  • § 61.77Special purpose pilot authorization: Operation of a civil aircraft of the United States and leased by a non-U.S. citizenexplained
  • § 61.8Inapplicability of unmanned aircraft operationsexplained
  • § 61.81Applicabilityexplained
  • § 61.83Eligibility requirements for student pilotsexplained
  • § 61.85Applicationexplained
  • § 61.87Solo requirements for student pilots
  • § 61.89General limitationsexplained
  • § 61.9Inapplicability of simplified flight controls aircraft experience creditexplained
  • § 61.93Solo cross-country flight requirementsexplained
  • § 61.94Student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate or a recreational pilot certificate: Operations at airports within, and in airspace located within, Class B, C, and D airspace, or at airports with an operational control tower in other airspaceexplained
  • § 61.95Operations in Class B airspace and at airports located within Class B airspaceexplained
  • § 61.96Applicability and eligibility requirements: Generalexplained
  • § 61.97Aeronautical knowledgeexplained
  • § 61.98Flight proficiencyexplained
  • § 61.99Aeronautical experienceexplained
Part 67 Medical standards & certification(34 sections, 34 explained)
Part 71 Designation of airspace(14 sections, 12 explained)
  • § 71.1Applicabilityexplained
  • § 71.11Air Traffic Service (ATS) routesexplained
  • § 71.13Classification of Air Traffic Service (ATS) routes
  • § 71.15Designation of jet routes and VOR Federal airwaysexplained
  • § 71.31Class A airspaceexplained
  • § 71.33Class A airspace areasexplained
  • § 71.41Class B airspaceexplained
  • § 71.5Reporting pointsexplained
  • § 71.51Class C airspaceexplained
  • § 71.61Class D airspace
  • § 71.7Bearings, radials, and mileagesexplained
  • § 71.71Class E airspaceexplained
  • § 71.9Overlapping airspace designationsexplained
  • § 71.901Applicabilityexplained
Part 73 Special use airspace(11 sections, 11 explained)
Part 91 General operating & flight rules(260 sections, 237 explained)
  • § 91.1Applicabilityexplained
  • § 91.1001Applicability
  • § 91.1002Compliance dateexplained
  • § 91.1003Management contract between owner and program managerexplained
  • § 91.1005Prohibitions and limitationsexplained
  • § 91.1007Flights conducted under part 121 or part 135 of this chapterexplained
  • § 91.1009Clarification of operational controlexplained
  • § 91.101Applicabilityexplained
  • § 91.1011Operational control responsibilities and delegationexplained
  • § 91.1013Operational control briefing and acknowledgmentexplained
  • § 91.1014Issuing or denying management specificationsexplained
  • § 91.1015Management specificationsexplained
  • § 91.1017Amending program manager's management specificationsexplained
  • § 91.1019Conducting tests and inspectionsexplained
  • § 91.1021Internal safety reporting and incident/accident responseexplained
  • § 91.1023Program operating manual requirementsexplained
  • § 91.1025Program operating manual contentsexplained
  • § 91.1027Recordkeepingexplained
  • § 91.1029Flight scheduling and locating requirementsexplained
  • § 91.103Preflight actionexplained
  • § 91.1031Pilot in command or second in command: Designation requiredexplained
  • § 91.1033Operating information requiredexplained
  • § 91.1035Passenger awarenessexplained
  • § 91.1037Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered; Limitations; Destination and alternate airportsexplained
  • § 91.1039IFR takeoff, approach and landing minimumsexplained
  • § 91.1041Aircraft proving and validation testsexplained
  • § 91.1045Additional equipment requirementsexplained
  • § 91.1047Drug and alcohol misuse education programexplained
  • § 91.1049Personnelexplained
  • § 91.105Flight crewmembers at stationsexplained
  • § 91.1050Employment of former FAA employeesexplained
  • § 91.1053Crewmember experienceexplained
  • § 91.1055Pilot operating limitations and pairing requirementexplained
  • § 91.1057Flight, duty and rest time requirements: All crewmembersexplained
  • § 91.1059Flight time limitations and rest requirements: One or two pilot crewsexplained
  • § 91.1061Augmented flight crewsexplained
  • § 91.1062Duty periods and rest requirements: Flight attendantsexplained
  • § 91.1063Testing and training: Applicability and terms usedexplained
  • § 91.1065Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirementsexplained
  • § 91.1067Initial and recurrent flight attendant crewmember testing requirementsexplained
  • § 91.1069Flight crew: Instrument proficiency check requirementsexplained
  • § 91.107Use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, and child restraint systems
  • § 91.1071Crewmember: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standardsexplained
  • § 91.1073Training program: Generalexplained
  • § 91.1075Training program: Special rulesexplained
  • § 91.1077Training program and revision: Initial and final approvalexplained
  • § 91.1079Training program: Curriculumexplained
  • § 91.108Use of supplemental restraint systemsexplained
  • § 91.1081Crewmember training requirementsexplained
  • § 91.1083Crewmember emergency trainingexplained
  • § 91.1085Hazardous materials recognition trainingexplained
  • § 91.1087Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devicesexplained
  • § 91.1089Qualifications: Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator)explained
  • § 91.109Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight testsexplained
  • § 91.1091Qualifications: Flight instructors (aircraft) and flight instructors (simulator)
  • § 91.1093Initial and transition training and checking: Check pilots (aircraft), check pilots (simulator)explained
  • § 91.1095Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator)explained
  • § 91.1097Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programsexplained
  • § 91.1099Crewmember initial and recurrent training requirementsexplained
  • § 91.11Prohibition on interference with crewmembersexplained
  • § 91.1101Pilots: Initial, transition, and upgrade ground trainingexplained
  • § 91.1103Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, requalification, and differences flight trainingexplained
  • § 91.1105Flight attendants: Initial and transition ground trainingexplained
  • § 91.1107Recurrent trainingexplained
  • § 91.1109Aircraft maintenance: Inspection programexplained
  • § 91.111Operating near other aircraftexplained
  • § 91.1111Maintenance trainingexplained
  • § 91.1113Maintenance recordkeepingexplained
  • § 91.1115Inoperable instruments and equipmentexplained
  • § 91.113Right-of-way rules: Except water operationsexplained
  • § 91.115Right-of-way rules: Water operationsexplained
  • § 91.117Aircraft speed
  • § 91.119Minimum safe altitudes: Generalexplained
  • § 91.121Altimeter settingsexplained
  • § 91.123Compliance with ATC clearances and instructionsexplained
  • § 91.125ATC light signalsexplained
  • § 91.126Operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class G airspaceexplained
  • § 91.127Operating on or in the vicinity of an airport in Class E airspace
  • § 91.129Operations in Class D airspaceexplained
  • § 91.13Careless or reckless operationexplained
  • § 91.130Operations in Class C airspaceexplained
  • § 91.131Operations in Class B airspaceexplained
  • § 91.133Restricted and prohibited areasexplained
  • § 91.135Operations in Class A airspaceexplained
  • § 91.137Temporary flight restrictions in the vicinity of disaster/hazard areasexplained
  • § 91.138Temporary flight restrictions in national disaster areas in the State of Hawaiiexplained
  • § 91.139Emergency air traffic rulesexplained
  • § 91.141Flight restrictions in the proximity of the Presidential and other partiesexplained
  • § 91.1411Continuous airworthiness maintenance program use by fractional ownership program managerexplained
  • § 91.1413CAMP: Responsibility for airworthinessexplained
  • § 91.1415CAMP: Mechanical reliability reportsexplained
  • § 91.1417CAMP: Mechanical interruption summary reportexplained
  • § 91.1423CAMP: Maintenance organizationexplained
  • § 91.1425CAMP: Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration programsexplained
  • § 91.1427CAMP: Manual requirementsexplained
  • § 91.1429CAMP: Required inspection personnelexplained
  • § 91.143Flight limitation in the proximity of space flight operationsexplained
  • § 91.1431CAMP: Continuing analysis and surveillanceexplained
  • § 91.1433CAMP: Maintenance and preventive maintenance training programexplained
  • § 91.1435CAMP: Certificate requirementsexplained
  • § 91.1437CAMP: Authority to perform and approve maintenanceexplained
  • § 91.1439CAMP: Maintenance recording requirementsexplained
  • § 91.144Temporary restriction on flight operations during abnormally high barometric pressure conditions
  • § 91.1441CAMP: Transfer of maintenance records
  • § 91.1443CAMP: Airworthiness release or aircraft maintenance log entryexplained
  • § 91.145Management of aircraft operations in the vicinity of aerial demonstrations and major sporting events
  • § 91.146Passenger-carrying flights for the benefit of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event
  • § 91.147Passenger-carrying flights for compensation or hireexplained
  • § 91.15Dropping objectsexplained
  • § 91.1501Purpose and definitionexplained
  • § 91.1505Repairs assessment for pressurized fuselagesexplained
  • § 91.1507Fuel tank system inspection programexplained
  • § 91.151Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions
  • § 91.153VFR flight plan: Information required
  • § 91.155Basic VFR weather minimumsexplained
  • § 91.157Special VFR weather minimums
  • § 91.159VFR cruising altitude or flight levelexplained
  • § 91.1603Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 112—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Territory and Airspace of Libyaexplained
  • § 91.1605Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 77—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Baghdad Flight Information Region (FIR) (ORBB)explained
  • § 91.1609Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 114—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Damascus Flight Information Region (FIR) (OSTT)explained
  • § 91.161Special awareness training required for pilots flying under visual flight rules within a 60-nautical mile radius of the Washington, DC VOR/DMEexplained
  • § 91.1611Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 115—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in Specified Areas of the Sanaa Flight Information Region (FIR) (OYSC)
  • § 91.1613Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 107—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Territory and Airspace of Somaliaexplained
  • § 91.1615Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 79—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Pyongyang Flight Information Region (FIR) (ZKKP)explained
  • § 91.1617Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 117—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Tehran Flight Information Region (FIR) (OIIX)explained
  • § 91.1619Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 119—Prohibition Against Certain Flights in the Kabul Flight Information Region (FIR) (OAKX)explained
  • § 91.167Fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditionsexplained
  • § 91.169IFR flight plan: Information requiredexplained
  • § 91.17Alcohol or drugsexplained
  • § 91.1701Applicabilityexplained
  • § 91.1703Compliance and eligibilityexplained
  • § 91.1705Required pilot trainingexplained
  • § 91.1707Training program hoursexplained
  • § 91.1709Training program approvalexplained
  • § 91.171VOR equipment check for IFR operationsexplained
  • § 91.1711Aeronautical experienceexplained
  • § 91.1713Instruction, checking, and evaluationexplained
  • § 91.1715Currency requirements and flight reviewexplained
  • § 91.1717Operating requirementsexplained
  • § 91.1719Credit for prior trainingexplained
  • § 91.1721Incorporation by referenceexplained
  • § 91.173ATC clearance and flight plan requiredexplained
  • § 91.175Takeoff and landing under IFRexplained
  • § 91.176Straight-in landing operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFRexplained
  • § 91.177Minimum altitudes for IFR operationsexplained
  • § 91.179IFR cruising altitude or flight level
  • § 91.180Operations within airspace designated as Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum airspaceexplained
  • § 91.181Course to be flownexplained
  • § 91.183IFR communicationsexplained
  • § 91.185IFR operations: Two-way radio communications failureexplained
  • § 91.187Operation under IFR in controlled airspace: Malfunction reportsexplained
  • § 91.189Category II and III operations: General operating rulesexplained
  • § 91.19Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substancesexplained
  • § 91.191Category II and Category III manualexplained
  • § 91.193Certificate of authorization for certain Category II operations
  • § 91.203Civil aircraft: Certifications required
  • § 91.205Powered civil aircraft with standard U.S. airworthiness certificates: Instrument and equipment requirementsexplained
  • § 91.207Emergency locator transmittersexplained
  • § 91.209Aircraft lights
  • § 91.21Portable electronic devicesexplained
  • § 91.211Supplemental oxygenexplained
  • § 91.213Inoperative instruments and equipmentexplained
  • § 91.215ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment and useexplained
  • § 91.217Data correspondence between automatically reported pressure altitude data and the pilot's altitude referenceexplained
  • § 91.219Altitude alerting system or device: Turbojet-powered civil airplanesexplained
  • § 91.221Traffic alert and collision avoidance system equipment and useexplained
  • § 91.223Terrain awareness and warning systemexplained
  • § 91.225Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment and useexplained
  • § 91.227Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out equipment performance requirementsexplained
  • § 91.23Truth-in-leasing clause requirement in leases and conditional sales contractsexplained
  • § 91.25Aviation Safety Reporting Program: Prohibition against use of reports for enforcement purposes
  • § 91.3Responsibility and authority of the pilot in command
  • § 91.303Aerobatic flight
  • § 91.305Flight test areas
  • § 91.307Parachutes and parachuting
  • § 91.309Towing: Gliders and unpowered ultralight vehiclesexplained
  • § 91.311Towing: Other than under § 91.309explained
  • § 91.313Restricted category civil aircraft: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 91.315Limited category civil aircraft: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 91.317Provisionally certificated civil aircraft: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 91.319Aircraft having experimental certificates: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 91.321Carriage of candidates in electionsexplained
  • § 91.323Increased maximum certificated weights for certain airplanes operated in Alaska
  • § 91.325Primary category aircraft: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 91.326Exception to operating certain aircraft for the purposes of flight training, flightcrew member checking, or flightcrew member testingexplained
  • § 91.327Aircraft issued a special airworthiness certificate in the light-sport category: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 91.401Applicabilityexplained
  • § 91.403Generalexplained
  • § 91.405Maintenance requiredexplained
  • § 91.407Operation after maintenance, preventive maintenance, rebuilding, or alterationexplained
  • § 91.409Inspectionsexplained
  • § 91.411Altimeter system and altitude reporting equipment tests and inspectionsexplained
  • § 91.413ATC transponder tests and inspectionsexplained
  • § 91.415Changes to aircraft inspection programsexplained
  • § 91.417Maintenance recordsexplained
  • § 91.419Transfer of maintenance recordsexplained
  • § 91.421Rebuilt engine maintenance recordsexplained
  • § 91.5Pilot in command of aircraft requiring more than one required pilotexplained
  • § 91.501Applicabilityexplained
  • § 91.503Flying equipment and operating informationexplained
  • § 91.505Familiarity with operating limitations and emergency equipmentexplained
  • § 91.507Equipment requirements: Over-the-top or night VFR operationsexplained
  • § 91.509Survival equipment for overwater operationsexplained
  • § 91.511Communication and navigation equipment for overwater operationsexplained
  • § 91.513Emergency equipmentexplained
  • § 91.515Flight altitude rulesexplained
  • § 91.517Passenger informationexplained
  • § 91.519Passenger briefingexplained
  • § 91.521Shoulder harnessexplained
  • § 91.523Carry-on baggageexplained
  • § 91.525Carriage of cargoexplained
  • § 91.527Operating in icing conditionsexplained
  • § 91.529Flight engineer requirementsexplained
  • § 91.531Second in command requirementsexplained
  • § 91.533Flight attendant requirementsexplained
  • § 91.535Stowage of food, beverage, and passenger service equipment during aircraft movement on the surface, takeoff, and landingexplained
  • § 91.601Applicabilityexplained
  • § 91.603Aural speed warning deviceexplained
  • § 91.605Transport category civil airplane weight limitationsexplained
  • § 91.607Emergency exits for airplanes carrying passengers for hireexplained
  • § 91.609Flight data recorders and cockpit voice recordersexplained
  • § 91.611Authorization for ferry flight with one engine inoperativeexplained
  • § 91.613Materials for compartment interiorsexplained
  • § 91.7Civil aircraft airworthinessexplained
  • § 91.701Applicabilityexplained
  • § 91.702Persons on boardexplained
  • § 91.703Operations of civil aircraft of U.S. registry outside of the United Statesexplained
  • § 91.706Operations within airspace designed as Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum Airspaceexplained
  • § 91.707Flights between Mexico or Canada and the United Statesexplained
  • § 91.709Operations to Cubaexplained
  • § 91.711Special rules for foreign civil aircraftexplained
  • § 91.713Operation of civil aircraft of Cuban registryexplained
  • § 91.715Special flight authorizations for foreign civil aircraftexplained
  • § 91.801Applicability: Relation to part 36explained
  • § 91.803Part 125 operators: Designation of applicable regulationsexplained
  • § 91.805Final compliance: Subsonic airplanesexplained
  • § 91.815Agricultural and fire fighting airplanes: Noise operating limitationsexplained
  • § 91.817Civil aircraft sonic boomexplained
  • § 91.818Special flight authorization to exceed Mach 1explained
  • § 91.819Civil supersonic airplanes that do not comply with part 36explained
  • § 91.821Civil supersonic airplanes: Noise limitsexplained
  • § 91.851Definitionsexplained
  • § 91.853Final compliance: Civil subsonic airplanesexplained
  • § 91.855Entry and nonaddition ruleexplained
  • § 91.857Stage 2 operations outside of the 48 contiguous United Statesexplained
  • § 91.858Special flight authorizations for non-revenue Stage 2 operationsexplained
  • § 91.859Modification to meet Stage 3, Stage 4, or Stage 5 noise levelsexplained
  • § 91.861Base levelexplained
  • § 91.863Transfers of Stage 2 airplanes with base levelexplained
  • § 91.865Phased compliance for operators with base levelexplained
  • § 91.867Phased compliance for new entrantsexplained
  • § 91.869Carry-forward complianceexplained
  • § 91.871Waivers from interim compliance requirementsexplained
  • § 91.873Waivers from final complianceexplained
  • § 91.875Annual progress reportsexplained
  • § 91.877Annual reporting of Hawaiian operationsexplained
  • § 91.881Final compliance: Civil subsonic jet airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or lessexplained
  • § 91.883Special flight authorizations for jet airplanes weighing 75,000 pounds or lessexplained
  • § 91.9Civil aircraft flight manual, marking, and placard requirementsexplained
  • § 91.903Policy and proceduresexplained
Part 97 Standard instrument procedures(4 sections, 4 explained)
  • § 97.1Applicabilityexplained
  • § 97.20Generalexplained
  • § 97.3Symbols and terms used in proceduresexplained
  • § 97.5Bearings, courses, tracks, headings, radials, milesexplained
Part 107 Regulations(60 sections, 51 explained)
  • § 107.1Applicability
  • § 107.100Applicabilityexplained
  • § 107.105Limitations on operations over human beingsexplained
  • § 107.11Applicability
  • § 107.110Category 1 operationsexplained
  • § 107.115Category 2 operations: Operating requirementsexplained
  • § 107.12Requirement for a remote pilot certificate with a small UAS ratingexplained
  • § 107.120Category 2 operations: Eligibility of small unmanned aircraft and other applicant requirementsexplained
  • § 107.125Category 3 operations: Operating requirementsexplained
  • § 107.13Registration
  • § 107.130Category 3 operations: Eligibility of small unmanned aircraft and other applicant requirements
  • § 107.135Labeling by remote pilot in command for Category 2 and 3 operationsexplained
  • § 107.140Category 4 operationsexplained
  • § 107.145Operations over moving vehiclesexplained
  • § 107.15Condition for safe operation
  • § 107.150Variable mode and variable configuration of small unmanned aircraft systemsexplained
  • § 107.155Means of complianceexplained
  • § 107.160Declaration of complianceexplained
  • § 107.165Record retentionexplained
  • § 107.17Medical conditionexplained
  • § 107.19Remote pilot in command
  • § 107.2Applicability of certification procedures for products and articlesexplained
  • § 107.200Waiver policy and requirementsexplained
  • § 107.205List of regulations subject to waiverexplained
  • § 107.21In-flight emergencyexplained
  • § 107.23Hazardous operationexplained
  • § 107.25Operation from a moving vehicle or aircraftexplained
  • § 107.27Alcohol or drugsexplained
  • § 107.29Operation at nightexplained
  • § 107.3Definitionsexplained
  • § 107.31Visual line of sight aircraft operationexplained
  • § 107.33Visual observerexplained
  • § 107.35Operation of multiple small unmanned aircraftexplained
  • § 107.36Carriage of hazardous materialexplained
  • § 107.37Operation near aircraft; right-of-way rulesexplained
  • § 107.39Operation over human beingsexplained
  • § 107.41Operation in certain airspaceexplained
  • § 107.43Operation in the vicinity of airportsexplained
  • § 107.45Operation in prohibited or restricted areasexplained
  • § 107.47Flight restrictions in the proximity of certain areas designated by notice to airmenexplained
  • § 107.49Preflight familiarization, inspection, and actions for aircraft operationexplained
  • § 107.51Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraftexplained
  • § 107.52ATC transponder equipment prohibitionexplained
  • § 107.53Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) Out prohibitionexplained
  • § 107.56Applicabilityexplained
  • § 107.57Offenses involving alcohol or drugsexplained
  • § 107.59Refusal to submit to an alcohol test or to furnish test resultsexplained
  • § 107.61Eligibilityexplained
  • § 107.63Issuance of a remote pilot certificate with a small UAS ratingexplained
  • § 107.64Temporary certificateexplained
  • § 107.65Aeronautical knowledge recency
  • § 107.67Knowledge tests: General procedures and passing grades
  • § 107.69Knowledge tests: Cheating or other unauthorized conductexplained
  • § 107.7Inspection, testing, and demonstration of complianceexplained
  • § 107.71Retesting after failure
  • § 107.73Knowledge and trainingexplained
  • § 107.74Small unmanned aircraft system trainingexplained
  • § 107.77Change of name or addressexplained
  • § 107.79Voluntary surrender of certificateexplained
  • § 107.9Safety event reportingexplained
Part 117 Flight & duty limitations and rest (flightcrew)(15 sections, 15 explained)
  • § 117.1Applicabilityexplained
  • § 117.11Flight time limitationexplained
  • § 117.13Flight duty period: Unaugmented operationsexplained
  • § 117.15Flight duty period: Split dutyexplained
  • § 117.17Flight duty period: Augmented flightcrewexplained
  • § 117.19Flight duty period extensionsexplained
  • § 117.21Reserve statusexplained
  • § 117.23Cumulative limitationsexplained
  • § 117.25Rest periodexplained
  • § 117.27Consecutive nighttime operationsexplained
  • § 117.29Emergency and government sponsored operationsexplained
  • § 117.3Definitionsexplained
  • § 117.5Fitness for dutyexplained
  • § 117.7Fatigue risk management systemexplained
  • § 117.9Fatigue education and awareness training programexplained
Part 119 Certification: air carriers & commercial operators(30 sections, 28 explained)
  • § 119.1Applicabilityexplained
  • § 119.21Commercial operators engaged in intrastate common carriage and direct air carriersexplained
  • § 119.23Operators engaged in passenger-carrying operations, cargo operations, or both with airplanes or powered-lift when common carriage is not involvedexplained
  • § 119.25Rotorcraft operations: Direct air carriers and commercial operators
  • § 119.31Applicabilityexplained
  • § 119.33General requirementsexplained
  • § 119.35Certificate application requirements for all operatorsexplained
  • § 119.36Additional certificate application requirements for commercial operatorsexplained
  • § 119.37Contents of an Air Carrier Certificate or Operating Certificateexplained
  • § 119.39Issuing or denying a certificateexplained
  • § 119.41Amending a certificateexplained
  • § 119.43Certificate holder's duty to maintain operations specificationsexplained
  • § 119.47Maintaining a principal base of operations, main operations base, and main maintenance base; change of addressexplained
  • § 119.49Contents of operations specificationsexplained
  • § 119.5Certifications, authorizations, and prohibitionsexplained
  • § 119.51Amending operations specificationsexplained
  • § 119.53Wet leasing of aircraft and other arrangements for transportation by airexplained
  • § 119.55Obtaining deviation authority to perform operations under a U.S. military contractexplained
  • § 119.57Obtaining deviation authority to perform an emergency operationexplained
  • § 119.59Conducting tests and inspectionsexplained
  • § 119.61Duration and surrender of certificate and operations specificationsexplained
  • § 119.63Recency of operationexplained
  • § 119.65Management personnel required for operations conducted under part 121 of this chapterexplained
  • § 119.67Management personnel: Qualifications for operations conducted under part 121 of this chapter
  • § 119.69Management personnel required for operations conducted under part 135 of this chapterexplained
  • § 119.7Operations specificationsexplained
  • § 119.71Management personnel: Qualifications for operations conducted under part 135 of this chapterexplained
  • § 119.73Employment of former FAA employeesexplained
  • § 119.8Safety Management Systemsexplained
  • § 119.9Use of business namesexplained
Part 121 Operating requirements: domestic, flag & supplemental(377 sections, 341 explained)
  • § 121.1Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.1001Applicability and definitionsexplained
  • § 121.1003Hazardous materials training: Generalexplained
  • § 121.1005Hazardous materials training requiredexplained
  • § 121.1007Hazardous materials training recordsexplained
  • § 121.101Weather reporting facilitiesexplained
  • § 121.103En route navigation facilitiesexplained
  • § 121.105Servicing and maintenance facilitiesexplained
  • § 121.106ETOPS Alternate Airport: Rescue and fire fighting serviceexplained
  • § 121.107Dispatch centersexplained
  • § 121.11Rules applicable to operations in a foreign countryexplained
  • § 121.1101Purpose and definitionexplained
  • § 121.1105Aging airplane inspections and records reviewsexplained
  • § 121.1107Repairs assessment for pressurized fuselagesexplained
  • § 121.1109Supplemental inspectionsexplained
  • § 121.111Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.1111Electrical wiring interconnection systems (EWIS) maintenance programexplained
  • § 121.1113Fuel tank system maintenance programexplained
  • § 121.1115Limit of validityexplained
  • § 121.1117Flammability reduction meansexplained
  • § 121.1119Fuel tank vent explosion protectionexplained
  • § 121.113Area and route requirements: Generalexplained
  • § 121.115Route widthexplained
  • § 121.117Airports: Required dataexplained
  • § 121.119Weather reporting facilitiesexplained
  • § 121.121En route navigation facilitiesexplained
  • § 121.122Communications facilities—supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.123Servicing maintenance facilitiesexplained
  • § 121.125Flight following systemexplained
  • § 121.127Flight following system; requirementsexplained
  • § 121.131Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.133Preparationexplained
  • § 121.135Manual contentsexplained
  • § 121.137Distribution and availabilityexplained
  • § 121.139Manual accessibility: Supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.141Airplane flight manualexplained
  • § 121.15Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substancesexplained
  • § 121.1500SFAR No. 111—Lavatory Oxygen Systemsexplained
  • § 121.151Applicability
  • § 121.153Aircraft requirements: Generalexplained
  • § 121.157Aircraft certification and equipment requirementsexplained
  • § 121.159Single-engine airplanes prohibited
  • § 121.161Airplane limitations: Type of routeexplained
  • § 121.162ETOPS Type Design Approval Basisexplained
  • § 121.163Aircraft proving testsexplained
  • § 121.171Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.173Generalexplained
  • § 121.175Airplanes: Reciprocating engine-powered: Weight limitationsexplained
  • § 121.177Airplanes: Reciprocating engine-powered: Takeoff limitationsexplained
  • § 121.179Airplanes: Reciprocating engine-powered: En route limitations: All engines operatingexplained
  • § 121.181Airplanes: Reciprocating engine-powered: En route limitations: One engine inoperativeexplained
  • § 121.183Part 25 airplanes with four or more engines: Reciprocating engine powered: En route limitations: Two engines inoperative
  • § 121.185Airplanes: Reciprocating engine-powered: Landing limitations: Destination airport
  • § 121.187Airplanes: Reciprocating engine-powered: Landing limitations: Alternate airport
  • § 121.189Airplanes: Turbine engine powered: Takeoff limitationsexplained
  • § 121.191Airplanes: Turbine engine powered: En route limitations: One engine inoperativeexplained
  • § 121.193Airplanes: Turbine engine powered: En route limitations: Two engines inoperativeexplained
  • § 121.195Airplanes: Turbine engine powered: Landing limitations: Destination airportsexplained
  • § 121.197Airplanes: Turbine engine powered: Landing limitations: Alternate airports
  • § 121.198Cargo service airplanes: Increased zero fuel and landing weightsexplained
  • § 121.199Nontransport category airplanes: Takeoff limitationsexplained
  • § 121.2Compliance schedule for operators that transition to part 121; certain new entrant operatorsexplained
  • § 121.201Nontransport category airplanes: En route limitations: One engine inoperativeexplained
  • § 121.203Nontransport category airplanes: Landing limitations: Destination airportexplained
  • § 121.205Nontransport category airplanes: Landing limitations: Alternate airportexplained
  • § 121.207Provisionally certificated airplanes: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 121.211Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.215Cabin interiorsexplained
  • § 121.217Internal doorsexplained
  • § 121.219Ventilationexplained
  • § 121.221Fire precautionsexplained
  • § 121.223Proof of compliance with § 121.221
  • § 121.225Propeller deicing fluidexplained
  • § 121.227Pressure cross-feed arrangementsexplained
  • § 121.229Location of fuel tanksexplained
  • § 121.231Fuel system lines and fittingsexplained
  • § 121.233Fuel lines and fittings in designated fire zones
  • § 121.235Fuel valvesexplained
  • § 121.237Oil lines and fittings in designated fire zones
  • § 121.239Oil valvesexplained
  • § 121.241Oil system drainsexplained
  • § 121.243Engine breather linesexplained
  • § 121.245Fire wallsexplained
  • § 121.247Fire-wall constructionexplained
  • § 121.249Cowlingexplained
  • § 121.251Engine accessory section diaphragmexplained
  • § 121.253Powerplant fire protectionexplained
  • § 121.255Flammable fluidsexplained
  • § 121.257Shutoff meansexplained
  • § 121.259Lines and fittingsexplained
  • § 121.261Vent and drain linesexplained
  • § 121.263Fire-extinguishing systemsexplained
  • § 121.265Fire-extinguishing agentsexplained
  • § 121.267Extinguishing agent container pressure reliefexplained
  • § 121.269Extinguishing agent container compartment temperatureexplained
  • § 121.271Fire-extinguishing system materialsexplained
  • § 121.273Fire-detector systemsexplained
  • § 121.275Fire detectorsexplained
  • § 121.277Protection of other airplane components against fireexplained
  • § 121.279Control of engine rotation
  • § 121.281Fuel system independenceexplained
  • § 121.283Induction system ice preventionexplained
  • § 121.285Carriage of cargo in passenger compartmentsexplained
  • § 121.287Carriage of cargo in cargo compartmentsexplained
  • § 121.289Landing gear: Aural warning deviceexplained
  • § 121.291Demonstration of emergency evacuation proceduresexplained
  • § 121.293Special airworthiness requirements for nontransport category airplanes type certificated after December 31, 1964
  • § 121.295Location for a suspect deviceexplained
  • § 121.301Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.303Airplane instruments and equipmentexplained
  • § 121.305Flight and navigational equipmentexplained
  • § 121.306Portable electronic devices
  • § 121.307Engine instrumentsexplained
  • § 121.308Lavatory fire protectionexplained
  • § 121.309Emergency equipmentexplained
  • § 121.310Additional emergency equipmentexplained
  • § 121.311Seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnessesexplained
  • § 121.312Materials for compartment interiorsexplained
  • § 121.313Miscellaneous equipmentexplained
  • § 121.314Cargo and baggage compartmentsexplained
  • § 121.315Cockpit check procedureexplained
  • § 121.316Fuel tanksexplained
  • § 121.317Passenger information requirements, smoking prohibitions, and additional seat belt requirementsexplained
  • § 121.318Public address systemexplained
  • § 121.319Crewmember interphone systemexplained
  • § 121.321Operations in icingexplained
  • § 121.323Instruments and equipment for operations at nightexplained
  • § 121.325Instruments and equipment for operations under IFR or over-the-topexplained
  • § 121.327Supplemental oxygen: Reciprocating engine powered airplanes
  • § 121.329Supplemental oxygen for sustenance: Turbine engine powered airplanes
  • § 121.331Supplemental oxygen requirements for pressurized cabin airplanes: Reciprocating engine powered airplanesexplained
  • § 121.333Supplemental oxygen for emergency descent and for first aid; turbine engine powered airplanes with pressurized cabinsexplained
  • § 121.335Equipment standardsexplained
  • § 121.337Protective breathing equipmentexplained
  • § 121.339Emergency equipment for extended over-water operationsexplained
  • § 121.340Emergency flotation meansexplained
  • § 121.341Equipment for operations in icing conditions
  • § 121.342Pitot heat indication systemsexplained
  • § 121.343Flight data recordersexplained
  • § 121.344Digital flight data recorders for transport category airplanesexplained
  • § 121.344aa Digital flight data recorders for 10-19 seat airplanesexplained
  • § 121.345Radio equipmentexplained
  • § 121.346Flight data recorders: filtered dataexplained
  • § 121.347Communication and navigation equipment for operations under VFR over routes navigated by pilotageexplained
  • § 121.349Communication and navigation equipment for operations under VFR over routes not navigated by pilotage or for operations under IFR or over the topexplained
  • § 121.351Communication and navigation equipment for extended over-water operations and for certain other operationsexplained
  • § 121.353Emergency equipment for operations over uninhabited terrain areas: Flag, supplemental, and certain domestic operationsexplained
  • § 121.354Terrain awareness and warning systemexplained
  • § 121.355Equipment for operations on which specialized means of navigation are used
  • § 121.356Collision avoidance systemexplained
  • § 121.357Airborne weather radar equipment requirementsexplained
  • § 121.358Low-altitude windshear system equipment requirementsexplained
  • § 121.359Cockpit voice recordersexplained
  • § 121.361Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.363Responsibility for airworthinessexplained
  • § 121.365Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration organizationexplained
  • § 121.367Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterations programsexplained
  • § 121.368Contract maintenanceexplained
  • § 121.369Manual requirementsexplained
  • § 121.371Required inspection personnelexplained
  • § 121.373Continuing analysis and surveillanceexplained
  • § 121.374Continuous airworthiness maintenance program (CAMP) for two-engine ETOPSexplained
  • § 121.375Maintenance and preventive maintenance training programexplained
  • § 121.377Maintenance and preventive maintenance personnel duty time limitationsexplained
  • § 121.378Certificate requirementsexplained
  • § 121.379Authority to perform and approve maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterationsexplained
  • § 121.380Maintenance recording requirementsexplained
  • § 121.380aa Transfer of maintenance records
  • § 121.381Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.383Airman: Limitations on use of servicesexplained
  • § 121.385Composition of flight crewexplained
  • § 121.387Flight engineerexplained
  • § 121.389Flight navigator and specialized navigation equipmentexplained
  • § 121.391Flight attendantsexplained
  • § 121.392Personnel identified as flight attendantsexplained
  • § 121.393Crewmember requirements at stops where passengers remain on boardexplained
  • § 121.394Flight attendant requirements during passenger boarding and deplaningexplained
  • § 121.395Aircraft dispatcher: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.397Emergency and emergency evacuation dutiesexplained
  • § 121.4Applicability of rules to unauthorized operatorsexplained
  • § 121.400Applicability and terms usedexplained
  • § 121.401Training program: Generalexplained
  • § 121.402Training program: Special rulesexplained
  • § 121.403Training program: Curriculumexplained
  • § 121.404Crew and dispatcher resource management trainingexplained
  • § 121.405Training program and revision: Initial and final approvalexplained
  • § 121.406Credit for previous CRM/DRM trainingexplained
  • § 121.407Training program: Approval of flight simulation training devicesexplained
  • § 121.408Training equipment other than flight simulation training devicesexplained
  • § 121.409Training courses using flight simulation training devicesexplained
  • § 121.410Airline transport pilot certification training programexplained
  • § 121.411Qualifications: Check pilots and check flight engineersexplained
  • § 121.412Qualifications: Flight instructorsexplained
  • § 121.413Initial, transition and recurrent training and checking requirements: Check pilots and check flight engineersexplained
  • § 121.414Initial, transition and recurrent training and checking requirements: Flight instructorsexplained
  • § 121.415Crewmember and dispatcher training program requirementsexplained
  • § 121.417Crewmember emergency trainingexplained
  • § 121.418Differences training and related aircraft differences trainingexplained
  • § 121.419Pilots and flight engineers: Initial, transition, conversion and upgrade ground trainingexplained
  • § 121.420Pilots: Upgrade ground trainingexplained
  • § 121.421Flight attendants: Initial and transition ground trainingexplained
  • § 121.422Aircraft dispatchers: Initial and transition ground trainingexplained
  • § 121.423Pilots: Extended Envelope Trainingexplained
  • § 121.424Pilots: Initial, transition, conversion, and upgrade flight trainingexplained
  • § 121.425Flight engineers: Initial and transition flight trainingexplained
  • § 121.426Pilots: Upgrade flight trainingexplained
  • § 121.427Recurrent trainingexplained
  • § 121.429Pilots in command: Leadership and command and mentoring trainingexplained
  • § 121.431Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.432General
  • § 121.433Training requiredexplained
  • § 121.434Operating experience, operating cycles, and consolidation of knowledge and skillsexplained
  • § 121.435Pilots: Operations Familiarizationexplained
  • § 121.436Pilot Qualification: Certificates and experience requirementsexplained
  • § 121.438Pilot operating limitations and pairing requirementsexplained
  • § 121.439Pilot qualification: Recent experienceexplained
  • § 121.440Line checksexplained
  • § 121.441Proficiency checksexplained
  • § 121.443Pilot in command qualification: Route and airportsexplained
  • § 121.445Pilot in command airport qualification: Special areas and airports
  • § 121.453Flight engineer qualificationsexplained
  • § 121.461Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.463Aircraft dispatcher qualificationsexplained
  • § 121.465Aircraft dispatcher duty time limitations: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.467Flight attendant duty period limitations and rest requirements: Domestic, flag, and supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.470Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.471Flight time limitations and rest requirements: All flight crewmembersexplained
  • § 121.473Fatigue risk management systemexplained
  • § 121.480Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.481Flight time limitations: One or two pilot crewsexplained
  • § 121.483Flight time limitations: Two pilots and one additional flight crewmemberexplained
  • § 121.485Flight time limitations: Three or more pilots and an additional flight crewmemberexplained
  • § 121.487Flight time limitations: Pilots not regularly assignedexplained
  • § 121.489Flight time limitations: Other commercial flyingexplained
  • § 121.491Flight time limitations: Deadhead transportationexplained
  • § 121.493Flight time limitations: Flight engineers and flight navigators
  • § 121.495Fatigue risk management system
  • § 121.500Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.503Flight time limitations: Pilots: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.505Flight time limitations: Two pilot crews: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.507Flight time limitations: Three pilot crews: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.509Flight time limitations: Four pilot crews: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.511Flight time limitations: Flight engineers: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.513Flight time limitations: Overseas and international operations: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.515Flight time limitations: All airmen: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.517Flight time limitations: Other commercial flying: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.519Flight time limitations: Deadhead transportation: airplanesexplained
  • § 121.521Flight time limitations: Crew of two pilots and one additional airman as requiredexplained
  • § 121.523Flight time limitations: Crew of three or more pilots and additional airmen as required
  • § 121.525Flight time limitations: Pilots serving in more than one kind of flight crewexplained
  • § 121.527Fatigue risk management systemexplained
  • § 121.531Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.533Responsibility for operational control: Domestic operationsexplained
  • § 121.535Responsibility for operational control: Flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.537Responsibility for operational control: Supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.538Aircraft securityexplained
  • § 121.539Operations noticesexplained
  • § 121.541Operations schedules: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.542Flight crewmember dutiesexplained
  • § 121.543Flight crewmembers at controlsexplained
  • § 121.544Pilot monitoringexplained
  • § 121.545Manipulation of controlsexplained
  • § 121.547Admission to flight deckexplained
  • § 121.548Aviation safety inspector's credentials: Admission to pilot's compartmentexplained
  • § 121.548aa DOD Commercial Air Carrier Evaluator's Credentialexplained
  • § 121.549Flying equipmentexplained
  • § 121.550Secret Service Agents: Admission to flight deckexplained
  • § 121.551Restriction or suspension of operation: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.553Restriction or suspension of operation: Supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.555Compliance with approved routes and limitations: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.557Emergencies: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.559Emergencies: Supplemental operations
  • § 121.561Reporting potentially hazardous meteorological conditions and irregularities of ground facilities or navigation aidsexplained
  • § 121.563Reporting mechanical irregularitiesexplained
  • § 121.565Engine inoperative: Landing; reportingexplained
  • § 121.567Instrument approach procedures and IFR landing minimumsexplained
  • § 121.569Equipment interchange: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.570Airplane evacuation capabilityexplained
  • § 121.571Briefing passengers before takeoff
  • § 121.573Briefing passengers: Extended overwater operationsexplained
  • § 121.574Oxygen and portable oxygen concentrators for medical use by passengers
  • § 121.575Alcoholic beveragesexplained
  • § 121.576Retention of items of mass in passenger and crew compartmentsexplained
  • § 121.577Stowage of food, beverage, and passenger service equipment during airplane movement on the surface, takeoff, and landingexplained
  • § 121.578Cabin ozone concentrationexplained
  • § 121.579Minimum altitudes for use of autopilotexplained
  • § 121.580Prohibition on interference with crewmembersexplained
  • § 121.581Observer's seat: En route inspections
  • § 121.582Means to discreetly notify a flightcrewexplained
  • § 121.583Carriage of persons without compliance with the passenger-carrying requirements of this partexplained
  • § 121.584Requirement to view the area outside the flightdeck door
  • § 121.585Exit seatingexplained
  • § 121.586Authority to refuse transportationexplained
  • § 121.587Closing and locking of flightcrew compartment doorexplained
  • § 121.589Carry-on baggageexplained
  • § 121.590Use of certificated land airports in the United Statesexplained
  • § 121.591Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.593Dispatching authority: Domestic operationsexplained
  • § 121.595Dispatching authority: Flag operations
  • § 121.597Flight release authority: Supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.599Familiarity with weather conditionsexplained
  • § 121.601Aircraft dispatcher information to pilot in command: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.603Facilities and services: Supplemental operations
  • § 121.605Airplane equipmentexplained
  • § 121.607Communication and navigation facilities: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.609Communication and navigation facilities: Supplemental operations
  • § 121.611Dispatch or flight release under VFRexplained
  • § 121.613Dispatch or flight release under IFR or over the topexplained
  • § 121.615Dispatch or flight release over water: Flag and supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.617Alternate airport for departureexplained
  • § 121.619Alternate airport for destination: IFR or over-the-top: Domestic operationsexplained
  • § 121.621Alternate airport for destination: Flag operations
  • § 121.623Alternate airport for destination: IFR or over-the-top: Supplemental operations
  • § 121.624ETOPS Alternate Airportsexplained
  • § 121.625Alternate Airport weather minimaexplained
  • § 121.627Continuing flight in unsafe conditionsexplained
  • § 121.628Inoperable instruments and equipmentexplained
  • § 121.629Operation in icing conditionsexplained
  • § 121.631Original dispatch or flight release, redispatch or amendment of dispatch or flight releaseexplained
  • § 121.633Considering time-limited systems in planning ETOPS alternatesexplained
  • § 121.635Dispatch to and from refueling or provisional airports: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.637Takeoffs from unlisted and alternate airports: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.639Fuel supply: All domestic operationsexplained
  • § 121.641Fuel supply: Nonturbine and turbo-propeller-powered airplanes: Flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.643Fuel supply: Nonturbine and turbo-propeller-powered airplanes: Supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.645Fuel supply: Turbine-engine powered airplanes, other than turbo propeller: Flag and supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.646En-route fuel supply: flag and supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.647Factors for computing fuel requiredexplained
  • § 121.649Takeoff and landing weather minimums: VFR: Domestic operationsexplained
  • § 121.651Takeoff and landing weather minimums: IFR: All certificate holdersexplained
  • § 121.652Landing weather minimums: IFR: All certificate holdersexplained
  • § 121.655Applicability of reported weather minimumsexplained
  • § 121.657Flight altitude rules
  • § 121.659Initial approach altitude: Domestic and supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.661Initial approach altitude: Flag operations
  • § 121.663Responsibility for dispatch release: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.665Load manifestexplained
  • § 121.667Flight plan: VFR and IFR: Supplemental operations
  • § 121.681Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.683Crewmember and dispatcher recordexplained
  • § 121.685Aircraft record: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.687Dispatch release: Flag and domestic operationsexplained
  • § 121.689Flight release form: Supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.693Load manifest: All certificate holdersexplained
  • § 121.695Disposition of load manifest, dispatch release, and flight plans: Domestic and flag operations
  • § 121.697Disposition of load manifest, flight release, and flight plans: Supplemental operationsexplained
  • § 121.7Definitionsexplained
  • § 121.701Maintenance log: Aircraftexplained
  • § 121.703Service difficulty reportsexplained
  • § 121.705Mechanical interruption summary reportexplained
  • § 121.707Alteration and repair reportsexplained
  • § 121.709Airworthiness release or aircraft log entryexplained
  • § 121.711Communication records: Domestic and flag operationsexplained
  • § 121.713Retention of contracts and amendments: Commercial operators who conduct intrastate operations for compensation or hireexplained
  • § 121.721Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.723Surrender of international crewmember certificateexplained
  • § 121.801Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.803Emergency medical equipmentexplained
  • § 121.805Crewmember training for in-flight medical eventsexplained
  • § 121.901Purpose and eligibilityexplained
  • § 121.903General requirements for Advanced Qualification Programsexplained
  • § 121.905Confidential commercial informationexplained
  • § 121.907Definitionsexplained
  • § 121.909Approval of Advanced Qualification Programexplained
  • § 121.91Applicabilityexplained
  • § 121.911Indoctrination curriculumexplained
  • § 121.913Qualification curriculumexplained
  • § 121.915Continuing qualification curriculumexplained
  • § 121.917Other requirementsexplained
  • § 121.919Certificationexplained
  • § 121.921Training devices and simulatorsexplained
  • § 121.923Approval of training, qualification, or evaluation by a person who provides training by arrangementexplained
  • § 121.925Recordkeeping requirementsexplained
  • § 121.93Route requirements: Generalexplained
  • § 121.95Route widthexplained
  • § 121.97Airports: Required dataexplained
  • § 121.99Communications facilities—domestic and flag operationsexplained
Part 135 Operating requirements: commuter & on-demand(196 sections, 184 explained)
  • § 135.1Applicabilityexplained
  • § 135.100Flight crewmember dutiesexplained
  • § 135.101Second in command required under IFRexplained
  • § 135.105Exception to second in command requirement: Approval for use of autopilot systemexplained
  • § 135.107Flight attendant crewmember requirementexplained
  • § 135.109Pilot in command or second in command: Designation requiredexplained
  • § 135.111Second in command required in Category II operationsexplained
  • § 135.113Passenger occupancy of pilot seatexplained
  • § 135.115Manipulation of controlsexplained
  • § 135.117Briefing of passengers before flightexplained
  • § 135.119Prohibition against carriage of weaponsexplained
  • § 135.12Previously trained crewmembersexplained
  • § 135.120Prohibition on interference with crewmembersexplained
  • § 135.121Alcoholic beveragesexplained
  • § 135.122Stowage of food, beverage, and passenger service equipment during aircraft movement on the surface, takeoff, and landingexplained
  • § 135.123Emergency and emergency evacuation dutiesexplained
  • § 135.125Aircraft securityexplained
  • § 135.127Passenger information requirements and smoking prohibitionsexplained
  • § 135.128Use of safety belts and child restraint systemsexplained
  • § 135.129Exit seatingexplained
  • § 135.141Applicabilityexplained
  • § 135.143General requirementsexplained
  • § 135.144Portable electronic devicesexplained
  • § 135.145Aircraft proving and validation testsexplained
  • § 135.147Dual controls requiredexplained
  • § 135.149Equipment requirements: Generalexplained
  • § 135.150Public address and crewmember interphone systemsexplained
  • § 135.151Cockpit voice recordersexplained
  • § 135.152Flight data recordersexplained
  • § 135.154Terrain awareness and warning systemexplained
  • § 135.155Fire extinguishers: Passenger-carrying aircraftexplained
  • § 135.156Flight data recorders: filtered dataexplained
  • § 135.157Oxygen equipment requirementsexplained
  • § 135.158Pitot heat indication systemsexplained
  • § 135.159Equipment requirements: Carrying passengers under VFR at night or under VFR over-the-top conditionsexplained
  • § 135.160Radio altimeters for rotorcraft operationsexplained
  • § 135.161Communication and navigation equipment for aircraft operations under VFR over routes navigated by pilotageexplained
  • § 135.163Equipment requirements: Aircraft carrying passengers under IFRexplained
  • § 135.165Communication and navigation equipment: Extended over-water or IFR operationsexplained
  • § 135.167Emergency equipment: Extended overwater operationsexplained
  • § 135.168Emergency equipment: Overwater rotorcraft operationsexplained
  • § 135.169Additional airworthiness requirementsexplained
  • § 135.170Materials for compartment interiorsexplained
  • § 135.171Shoulder harness installation at flight crewmember stationsexplained
  • § 135.173Airborne thunderstorm detection equipment requirementsexplained
  • § 135.175Airborne weather radar equipment requirementsexplained
  • § 135.177Emergency equipment requirements for aircraft having a passenger seating configuration of more than 19 passengersexplained
  • § 135.178Additional emergency equipmentexplained
  • § 135.179Inoperable instruments and equipmentexplained
  • § 135.180Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systemexplained
  • § 135.181Performance requirements: Aircraft operated over-the-top or in IFR conditionsexplained
  • § 135.183Performance requirements: Land aircraft operated over waterexplained
  • § 135.185Empty weight and center of gravity: Currency requirementexplained
  • § 135.19Emergency operationsexplained
  • § 135.2Compliance schedule for operators that transition to part 121 of this chapter; certain new entrant operatorsexplained
  • § 135.201Applicabilityexplained
  • § 135.203VFR: Minimum altitudesexplained
  • § 135.205VFR: Visibility requirements
  • § 135.207VFR: Helicopter surface reference requirementsexplained
  • § 135.209VFR: Fuel supplyexplained
  • § 135.21Manual requirementsexplained
  • § 135.211VFR: Over-the-top carrying passengers: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 135.213Weather reports and forecastsexplained
  • § 135.215IFR: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 135.217IFR: Takeoff limitationsexplained
  • § 135.219IFR: Destination airport weather minimumsexplained
  • § 135.221IFR: Alternate airport weather minimumsexplained
  • § 135.223IFR: Alternate airport requirementsexplained
  • § 135.225IFR: Takeoff, approach and landing minimums
  • § 135.227Icing conditions: Operating limitationsexplained
  • § 135.229Airport requirementsexplained
  • § 135.23Manual contentsexplained
  • § 135.241Applicabilityexplained
  • § 135.243Pilot in command qualificationsexplained
  • § 135.244Operating experienceexplained
  • § 135.245Second in command qualificationsexplained
  • § 135.247Pilot qualifications: Recent experience
  • § 135.25Aircraft requirementsexplained
  • § 135.261Applicabilityexplained
  • § 135.263Flight time limitations and rest requirements: All certificate holdersexplained
  • § 135.265Flight time limitations and rest requirements: Scheduled operationsexplained
  • § 135.267Flight time limitations and rest requirements: Unscheduled one- and two-pilot crews
  • § 135.269Flight time limitations and rest requirements: Unscheduled three- and four-pilot crewsexplained
  • § 135.271Helicopter hospital emergency medical evacuation service (HEMES)explained
  • § 135.273Duty period limitations and rest time requirementsexplained
  • § 135.291Applicabilityexplained
  • § 135.293Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirementsexplained
  • § 135.295Initial and recurrent flight attendant crewmember testing requirementsexplained
  • § 135.297Pilot in command: Instrument proficiency check requirements
  • § 135.299Pilot in command: Line checks: Routes and airportsexplained
  • § 135.3Rules applicable to operations subject to this partexplained
  • § 135.301Crewmember: Tests and checks, grace provisions, training to accepted standardsexplained
  • § 135.321Applicability and terms usedexplained
  • § 135.323Training program: Generalexplained
  • § 135.324Training program: Special rulesexplained
  • § 135.325Training program and revision: Initial and final approvalexplained
  • § 135.327Training program: Curriculumexplained
  • § 135.329Crewmember training requirementsexplained
  • § 135.330Crew resource management trainingexplained
  • § 135.331Crewmember emergency trainingexplained
  • § 135.335Approval of aircraft simulators and other training devicesexplained
  • § 135.336Airline transport pilot certification training programexplained
  • § 135.337Qualifications: Check pilotsexplained
  • § 135.338Qualifications: Flight instructorsexplained
  • § 135.339Initial and transition training and checking: Check pilotsexplained
  • § 135.340Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructorsexplained
  • § 135.341Pilot and flight attendant crewmember training programsexplained
  • § 135.343Crewmember initial and recurrent training requirementsexplained
  • § 135.345Pilots: Initial, transition, and upgrade ground trainingexplained
  • § 135.347Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, and differences flight trainingexplained
  • § 135.349Flight attendants: Initial and transition ground trainingexplained
  • § 135.351Recurrent trainingexplained
  • § 135.361Applicabilityexplained
  • § 135.363Generalexplained
  • § 135.364Maximum flying time outside the United States
  • § 135.365Large transport category airplanes: Reciprocating engine powered: Weight limitationsexplained
  • § 135.367Large transport category airplanes: Reciprocating engine powered: Takeoff limitationsexplained
  • § 135.369Large transport category airplanes: Reciprocating engine powered: En route limitations: All engines operatingexplained
  • § 135.371Large transport category airplanes: Reciprocating engine powered: En route limitations: One engine inoperativeexplained
  • § 135.373Part 25 transport category airplanes with four or more engines: Reciprocating engine powered: En route limitations: Two engines inoperative
  • § 135.375Large transport category airplanes: Reciprocating engine powered: Landing limitations: Destination airports
  • § 135.377Large transport category airplanes: Reciprocating engine powered: Landing limitations: Alternate airports
  • § 135.379Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered: Takeoff limitationsexplained
  • § 135.381Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered: En route limitations: One engine inoperativeexplained
  • § 135.383Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered: En route limitations: Two engines inoperativeexplained
  • § 135.385Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered: Landing limitations: Destination airportsexplained
  • § 135.387Large transport category airplanes: Turbine engine powered: Landing limitations: Alternate airportsexplained
  • § 135.389Large nontransport category airplanes: Takeoff limitationsexplained
  • § 135.391Large nontransport category airplanes: En route limitations: One engine inoperativeexplained
  • § 135.393Large nontransport category airplanes: Landing limitations: Destination airportsexplained
  • § 135.395Large nontransport category airplanes: Landing limitations: Alternate airportsexplained
  • § 135.397Small transport category airplane performance operating limitationsexplained
  • § 135.398Commuter category airplanes performance operating limitationsexplained
  • § 135.399Small nontransport category airplane performance operating limitationsexplained
  • § 135.4Applicability of rules for eligible on-demand operations
  • § 135.41Carriage of narcotic drugs, marihuana, and depressant or stimulant drugs or substancesexplained
  • § 135.411Applicabilityexplained
  • § 135.413Responsibility for airworthinessexplained
  • § 135.415Service difficulty reportsexplained
  • § 135.417Mechanical interruption summary reportexplained
  • § 135.419Approved aircraft inspection programexplained
  • § 135.421Additional maintenance requirementsexplained
  • § 135.422Aging airplane inspections and records reviews for multiengine airplanes certificated with nine or fewer passenger seatsexplained
  • § 135.423Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration organizationexplained
  • § 135.425Maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alteration programsexplained
  • § 135.426Contract maintenanceexplained
  • § 135.427Manual requirementsexplained
  • § 135.429Required inspection personnelexplained
  • § 135.43Crewmember certificates: International operationsexplained
  • § 135.431Continuing analysis and surveillanceexplained
  • § 135.433Maintenance and preventive maintenance training programexplained
  • § 135.435Certificate requirementsexplained
  • § 135.437Authority to perform and approve maintenance, preventive maintenance, and alterationsexplained
  • § 135.439Maintenance recording requirementsexplained
  • § 135.441Transfer of maintenance recordsexplained
  • § 135.443Airworthiness release or aircraft maintenance log entryexplained
  • § 135.501Applicability and definitionsexplained
  • § 135.503Hazardous materials training: Generalexplained
  • § 135.505Hazardous materials training requiredexplained
  • § 135.507Hazardous materials training recordsexplained
  • § 135.601Applicability and definitionsexplained
  • § 135.603Pilot-in-command instrument qualificationsexplained
  • § 135.605Helicopter terrain awareness and warning system (HTAWS)explained
  • § 135.607Flight Data Monitoring Systemexplained
  • § 135.609VFR ceiling and visibility requirements for Class G airspaceexplained
  • § 135.61Generalexplained
  • § 135.611IFR operations at locations without weather reportingexplained
  • § 135.613Approach/departure IFR transitionsexplained
  • § 135.615VFR flight planningexplained
  • § 135.617Pre-flight risk analysisexplained
  • § 135.619Operations control centersexplained
  • § 135.621Briefing of medical personnel
  • § 135.63Recordkeeping requirementsexplained
  • § 135.64Retention of contracts and amendments: Commercial operators who conduct intrastate operations for compensation or hireexplained
  • § 135.65Reporting mechanical irregularitiesexplained
  • § 135.67Reporting potentially hazardous meteorological conditions and irregularities of ground facilities or navigation aidsexplained
  • § 135.69Restriction or suspension of operations: Continuation of flight in an emergencyexplained
  • § 135.7Applicability of rules to unauthorized operatorsexplained
  • § 135.71Airworthiness checkexplained
  • § 135.73Inspections and testsexplained
  • § 135.75Inspectors credentials: Admission to pilots' compartment: Forward observer's seatexplained
  • § 135.76DOD Commercial Air Carrier Evaluator's Credentials: Admission to pilots compartment: Forward observer's seatexplained
  • § 135.77Responsibility for operational controlexplained
  • § 135.78Instrument approach procedures and IFR landing minimumsexplained
  • § 135.79Flight locating requirementsexplained
  • § 135.81Informing personnel of operational information and appropriate changesexplained
  • § 135.83Operating information requiredexplained
  • § 135.85Carriage of persons without compliance with the passenger-carrying provisions of this partexplained
  • § 135.87Carriage of cargo including carry-on baggageexplained
  • § 135.89Pilot requirements: Use of oxygenexplained
  • § 135.91Oxygen and portable oxygen concentrators for medical use by passengersexplained
  • § 135.93Minimum altitudes for use of autopilotexplained
  • § 135.95Airmen: Limitations on use of servicesexplained
  • § 135.97Aircraft and facilities for recent flight experienceexplained
  • § 135.98Operations in the North Polar Areaexplained
  • § 135.99Composition of flight crew
Part 141 Pilot schools(48 sections, 47 explained)
Part other Regulations(1 section, 1 explained)
  • § 1.1General definitionsexplained

Worldwide authorities

ICAO19

Kenya — KCAA13

Philippines — CAAP13

New Zealand — CAA12

Qatar — QCAA11

Malaysia — CAAM11

Hong Kong — CAD11

Australia — CASA11

European Union — EASA11

Ireland — IAA10

Canada — Transport Canada9

United Kingdom — CAA9

Netherlands — ILT8

Israel — CAA8

Spain — AESA8

Singapore — CAAS8

France — DGAC8

United Arab Emirates — GCAA7

Nigeria — NCAA6

Türkiye — SHGM6

Switzerland — FOCA6

Italy — ENAC6

Brazil — ANAC5

Thailand — CAAT4

South Africa — SACAA3

Germany — LBA3

Japan — JCAB3

Mexico — AFAC2

China — CAAC2

India — DGCA1

Argentina — ANAC1