Symbols and terms used in procedures

This regulation defines the key terms and symbols used in instrument approach procedures. Most importantly, it establishes aircraft approach categories (A through E) based on your approach speed—either VREF or 1.3 times stall speed at maximum landing weight. Category A is under 91 knots, while Category E is 166 knots or more. These categories determine which minimums you use on approach charts.

The regulation also defines the segments of an approach: initial (from initial fix to intermediate), intermediate (to final approach fix), final (to the runway or missed approach point), and missed approach.

Other critical definitions include common abbreviations like FAF (final approach fix), MAP (missed approach point), HAT (height above touchdown), and MSA (minimum safe altitude for emergencies). It explains that "NOPT" means no procedure turn is required, "NA" means not authorized, and the "T" symbol indicates nonstandard takeoff minimums or departure procedures. Understanding these terms is essential for reading and flying any instrument approach procedure.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*