Pilot in command or second in command: Designation required

This regulation requires Part 135 operators (charter and commuter airlines) to formally designate who is pilot in command (PIC) for every flight, and who is second in command (SIC) when two pilots are required. This isn't left to chance or informal agreement—the certificate holder must make these designations official.

Importantly, once designated, the PIC remains PIC for the entire flight. The pilots cannot swap roles mid-flight, even if both are qualified. This ensures clear command authority and accountability throughout the operation.

In practice, this means the operator's dispatch or scheduling system must document these crew assignments before each flight. The designation determines who has final authority over the aircraft, who is responsible for regulatory compliance, and who the FAA will hold accountable if issues arise. This is particularly important for insurance, legal liability, and accident investigation purposes.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*