Pilots: Operations Familiarization

This regulation requires newly hired Part 121 pilots (who started basic indoctrination on or after April 27, 2022) to complete "operations familiarization" before beginning their operating experience flights. This familiarization consists of at least two operating cycles where the pilot observes from the flight deck observer seat (jumpseat) while wearing a headset, watching actual line operations conducted under Part 121 rules.

The requirement bridges classroom training and hands-on flying, giving new pilots exposure to real-world operations before they begin training in the cockpit. It must be completed after or during basic indoctrination but before operating experience begins.

Certificate holders operating aircraft without observer seats can request deviations from the FAA by proposing alternative methods and providing details about their fleet. Approved deviations last up to 12 months and can be extended.

Note: This requirement doesn't apply to Part 135 operators authorized to use Part 121 training rules or fractional ownership programs similarly authorized.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*