Dual controls required

When you're flying an aircraft that requires two pilots under Part 135 operations, the aircraft must have functioning dual controls—meaning both pilots need their own set of flight controls. This ensures both crew members can physically fly the aircraft when necessary.

There's one exception: if the aircraft's type certificate doesn't actually require two pilots (but your operation does for other reasons), you can use a "throwover" control wheel instead of two separate control wheels. A throwover wheel is a single control wheel that can be moved from one pilot position to the other.

This regulation matters because it ensures proper crew coordination and safety. If an operation requires two pilots—whether due to aircraft complexity, operational requirements, or company policy—both pilots must be able to take control of the aircraft. The throwover option provides flexibility for smaller aircraft where dual controls might not be standard equipment but two-pilot operations are still conducted.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*