Second in command required under IFR

This regulation requires Part 135 operators (air taxi and commuter flights) to have two pilots when flying passengers under instrument flight rules (IFR). If you're carrying passengers in IFR conditions or on an IFR flight plan, you must have a second in command in addition to the pilot in command.

The rule is straightforward: passenger flights under IFR need two pilots. However, note the exception reference to §135.105, which allows single-pilot IFR operations in specific aircraft types that meet certain equipment and autopilot requirements.

This matters because it directly affects crew staffing requirements for Part 135 passenger operations. Operators must plan for two-pilot crews unless they qualify for the §135.105 exception. The regulation doesn't apply to cargo-only flights or VFR operations, where single-pilot operations may be permitted under other rules.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*