Training required

This regulation establishes the training requirements for Part 121 airline crewmembers before they can serve on flights.

Initial training is required before anyone can work as a crewmember on a specific aircraft type, though pilots can transition between similar aircraft groups with less training, and those upgrading from second-in-command to captain need only upgrade training rather than starting over.

Differences training is required when aircraft of the same type have variations significant enough to warrant specific instruction.

Recurrent training must be completed within the preceding 12 months for all crewmembers. Captains have an additional requirement: they must complete recurrent flight training every 6 months in aircraft they actually fly as captain. Proficiency checks can substitute for some recurrent flight training, but not for specialized training like extended envelope maneuvers or windshear procedures.

These requirements ensure crewmembers maintain current knowledge and skills for safe airline operations.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*