Communication and navigation equipment for operations under VFR over routes not navigated by pilotage or for operations under IFR or over the top

This regulation sets equipment requirements for Part 121 air carriers operating under VFR when pilotage isn't possible, or under IFR or over-the-top conditions.

Navigation equipment: Aircraft must have two independent navigation systems suitable for the route, plus a marker beacon receiver and ILS receiver. However, you can operate with just one navigation system if you have a backup system capable of reaching a suitable airport and completing an approach if the primary system fails, and you carry enough fuel to do so. If using VOR equipment, you must also have DME or RNAV. Any RNAV system must be authorized in your operations specifications.

Communication equipment: Aircraft need at least two independent communication systems, with at least one having two-way voice capability.

Small aircraft addition: Aircraft with 10-30 passenger seats and maximum payload of 7,500 pounds or less need two microphones and two headsets (or one headset and one speaker) for IFR, over-the-top, or extended overwater operations.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*