Pilots: Upgrade flight training

This regulation specifies the training required when a pilot upgrades to pilot-in-command (captain) at a Part 121 airline. The training must cover seat-specific and duty-position maneuvers, extended envelope training, windshear procedures, and scenario-based exercises that develop command and leadership skills. It also ensures proficiency in aircraft systems, flight control, and compliance with ATC and instrument procedures.

Most upgrade training occurs in actual flight, but certain elements must be completed in simulators: windshear training requires an approved flight simulator (FFS), and extended envelope training needs a Level C or higher FFS unless the FAA grants a deviation. Other maneuvers may be performed in simulators, flight training devices, or static aircraft as Appendix E permits.

If the airline's program uses advanced simulator training under §121.409, pilots must pass a proficiency check demonstrating captain-level skills in all simulator-capable maneuvers and complete windshear training in an authorized simulator.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*