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The Pilots Desk
US-FAA14 CFR 61.109

Aeronautical experience

Read the official rule

In plain English

The private pilot (airplane single-engine) certificate requires at least 40 hours total time, including 20 hours of training and 10 hours of solo, with specified cross-country, night, and test-prep experience. Most pilots take more than the 40-hour minimum.

Key points

  • ≥40 hours total: ≥20 dual, ≥10 solo.
  • Includes 3 hours XC, 3 hours night (with a 100-NM night XC and 10 takeoffs/landings), 3 hours instrument, and 3 hours of test prep.
  • A 150-NM solo cross-country with full-stop landings at three points.

Common pitfalls

  • Assuming exactly 40 hours is typical — national averages are higher.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation.*

This is an original plain-English explanation for training and reference, not legal advice and not for navigation. Always rely on the current official rule linked above. Last reviewed June 7, 2026.