Pilots: Initial, transition, upgrade, and differences flight training

This regulation establishes training requirements for Part 135 pilots undergoing initial, transition, upgrade, or differences training. All pilots must complete flight training in every maneuver and procedure specified in the operator's approved training program.

While these maneuvers must generally be performed in actual flight, the regulation allows certain tasks to be completed in FAA-approved simulators or training devices when permitted elsewhere in Part 135. If the operator's program includes simulator training, pilots must:

• Complete training and practice in the simulator for all maneuvers it's capable of replicating
• Pass a proficiency check (either in the aircraft or simulator) demonstrating pilot-in-command or second-in-command competency, as appropriate

This matters because it gives operators flexibility to use cost-effective simulator training while ensuring pilots still demonstrate real-world or high-fidelity proficiency before flying passengers. The regulation balances safety with practical training efficiency.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*