Pilot-in-command instrument qualifications

This regulation sets the minimum instrument qualifications for pilots in command of helicopter air ambulance operations under Part 135. Since April 24, 2017, these pilots must hold either:

• A helicopter instrument rating, or
• An airline transport pilot (ATP) certificate with the appropriate helicopter category and class rating

Critically, whichever certificate or rating the pilot holds cannot be limited to VFR only—it must permit instrument flight.

The pilot must also meet all other pilot-in-command requirements found in § 135.243, which covers general PIC qualifications for Part 135 operations.

This rule matters because helicopter air ambulance operations often occur in challenging conditions and at night. Requiring instrument qualifications ensures pilots have the training and demonstrated proficiency to safely operate in instrument meteorological conditions or when visual references are limited, which is common in medical emergency flights.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*