Pilots in command: Leadership and command and mentoring training

This regulation requires Part 121 air carriers to ensure their pilots in command complete specific leadership, command, and mentoring training before operating flights. The training must follow one of two approved pathways outlined in either §121.419(c) or §121.420(b), depending on the carrier's training program structure.

In practice, this means aspiring captains must demonstrate they've received formal instruction on leadership skills and how to mentor other crew members—not just technical flying proficiency. This reflects the FAA's recognition that PICs need interpersonal and management skills to effectively lead their flight crews.

The regulation also allows the FAA to grant credit for similar training pilots completed with their current carrier between April 2017 and April 2020, when many airlines voluntarily implemented such programs before the requirement became mandatory. This prevents unnecessary duplication of training already received.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*