Qualifications: Flight instructors

This regulation sets qualification standards for flight instructors working in Part 135 training programs. It distinguishes between instructors who teach in actual aircraft versus those who teach only in flight simulators (FSTDs).

To serve as a flight instructor under Part 135, a person must hold the same pilot certificates, ratings, and currency that would be required to serve as pilot in command in Part 135 operations for that aircraft type. They must also complete specific instructor training per §135.340, and the certificate holder must document all training in the instructor's records.

Simulator-only instructors have an additional requirement: they must either fly at least two flight segments as a required crewmember in that aircraft type within the past 12 months, or complete an approved line-observation program. This ensures simulator instructors maintain familiarity with real-world operations.

If an instructor serves as a required crewmember while instructing (such as acting as pilot in command during training flights), they must meet all requirements for that crew position.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*