Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors

This regulation sets training and checking requirements for flight instructors working under Part 135 operations (commuter and on-demand air carriers).

Before instructing, flight instructors must complete initial or transition training specific to their role. They must also pass an observation check every 24 months, where an FAA inspector, check pilot, or designated examiner watches them teach. This check can occur in an aircraft, simulator, or training device, and has a one-month grace period on either side of the due date.

Initial ground training covers:

• Instructor duties and responsibilities
• Applicable regulations and company procedures
• Teaching methods and student evaluation
• Detecting inadequate training or safety concerns
• Emergency procedures for the aircraft
• Basic teaching principles (unless the person already holds a flight instructor certificate)

Transition training focuses on procedures specific to the new aircraft type. Flight training emphasizes safety measures during instruction and practicing from both pilot seats to ensure instructors can handle emergencies while teaching.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*