What are the performance limits and design requirements for the aircraft that a sport pilot may operate?
Read the official ruleThis regulation defines what aircraft a sport pilot can fly. Generally, sport pilots are limited to small, simple aircraft with these characteristics:
- Maximum stall speed of 45 knots (59 knots for airplanes)
- Two seats maximum (four for airplanes)
- Non-pressurized cabin
- Fixed landing gear and fixed or ground-adjustable propeller (for powered aircraft)
- Design that maintains directional control if power is partially lost
Additional restrictions apply to specific aircraft types: gyroplanes must have two-blade teetering rotors, helicopters need simplified flight controls certification, and gliders can have fixed or retractable gear.
However, sport pilots can fly aircraft with retractable gear or manual controllable-pitch propellers if they receive additional training and a logbook endorsement as specified in §61.331. This allows sport pilots to gradually expand their capabilities beyond the basic limitations while maintaining appropriate safety standards for their certificate level.
*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*