Initial and transition training and checking: Flight instructors (aircraft), flight instructors (simulator)

This regulation sets training and checking requirements for flight instructors working under Part 91K fractional ownership programs. Before instructing, flight instructors must complete initial or transition training specific to their role. They must also be observed conducting instruction every 24 months by an FAA inspector, check pilot, or designated examiner (this observation can occur in an aircraft, simulator, or training device, and has a one-month grace period on either side).

Initial ground training covers instructor duties, regulations, teaching methods, student evaluation, and aircraft procedures. Those without an existing flight instructor certificate must also learn fundamental teaching principles. Transition training focuses on procedures for new aircraft types.

Flight training for aircraft instructors emphasizes safety measures and emergency handling from both pilot seats. Simulator instructors receive training in conducting simulator-based instruction and operating the training devices. Much of this training may be completed in simulators or training devices rather than actual aircraft.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*