Additional aircraft ratings (other than for ratings at the airline transport pilot certification level)

This regulation covers how to add aircraft ratings (category, class, or type) to your existing pilot certificate below the ATP level.

Adding a category rating (like helicopter to your airplane certificate) requires training, an instructor endorsement, and a practical test—but no written test if you already hold certain ratings.

Adding a class rating (like multiengine to your single-engine certificate) requires an endorsement and practical test. You generally don't need to meet the full training hour requirements, except when adding airship if you only hold a balloon rating.

Adding a type rating (for aircraft requiring one) is more demanding: you must hold or obtain an instrument rating, get an endorsement at ATP standards, and pass a practical test at ATP standards in instrument conditions. If the aircraft isn't instrument-capable, you'll receive a "VFR only" limitation that can be removed later.

For single-seat aircraft requiring type ratings, special provisions allow testing when no multi-seat version exists.

*This is a plain-English summary for study only. The official 14 CFR text on this page is controlling — always read the current regulation and consult a CFI.*