Avoiding Runway Incursions

A runway incursion is any incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person in the protected area of a runway. They are one of aviation's most serious ground risks because they can put two aircraft in the same place.

Why they happen

• Unfamiliarity with a complex airport layout.
• Distraction and high workload during taxi.
• Miscommunication — misheard or unread-back clearances.
• Loss of situational awareness about which taxiway or hold-short line you're at.

Prevention habits

• Have the airport diagram out and plan your taxi route before moving.
• Read back all hold-short and runway-crossing instructions verbatim.
• Know your runway and taxiway markings and signs: stop at the solid side of a hold-position marking unless cleared.
• Stop and ask if you're unsure of your position or a clearance — never cross a runway in doubt.
• Use a sterile cockpit during taxi: no non-essential conversation.
• Scan the full final approach and the runway before crossing or entering, even with a clearance.

At non-towered fields

Announce your intentions on the CTAF, and always check that the runway and approach are clear before taking the runway — there's no controller to catch a conflict for you.

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*Reference and training only — not for navigation. Always consult the current AIM, FAR/AIM, your aircraft’s POH/AFM and a certificated flight instructor.*