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The Pilots Desk

Aviation Medical Certificates & BasicMed Explained

First, second and third-class medicals, BasicMed and the Sport-pilot driver's-license option — which you need and how long they last.

Which class do you need?

  • First-class — airline transport (ATP) privileges.
  • Second-class — commercial privileges.
  • Third-class — private, recreational, student, sport and instructor operations.

How long they last (third-class)

60 calendar months if you were under 40 at the exam; 24 months if you were 40 or older. (A first-class shortens to 6 months at age 40 for ATP-PIC operations.)

BasicMed

After holding one FAA medical, many private pilots can fly under BasicMed — a physical with any state-licensed physician plus a periodic online course — within limits: up to 6 passengers, ≤ 6,000 lb, ≤ 18,000 ft and ≤ 250 kt.

Sport pilots

A valid US driver's license can substitute for a medical for sport-pilot operations, if you have never had a medical application denied.

Getting one

Apply through MedXPress and see an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME). Disclose your history honestly — some conditions need a special issuance.

General, US-focused guidance for reference and training only — confirm current requirements with the FAA or your local civil aviation authority before relying on it. Last reviewed June 2, 2026.